A thick layer of smog partially blotted out the sun on Chhath Puja and smudged landmarks from view as the air quality in Delhi-NCR slipped back into the severe zone with unfavourable meteorological conditions aiding accumulation of pollutants. Green think tank Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) said the ongoing smog episode is a public health emergency.
“This requires urgent emergency action on key combustion sources (vehicles, industry, waste burning) and dust sources (construction and roads) to prevent further trapping of pollution when there is no wind to blow this away,” said Anumita Roychowdhury, executive director, research and advocacy, CSE. Delhi recorded the 24-hourly air quality index (AQI) at 411. Most of the 39 air quality monitoring stations in the national capital recorded air pollution levels in the severe category.
The 24-hour average AQI was 372 on Wednesday. Faridabad (412), Ghaziabad (461), Greater Noida (417) and Noida (434) also recorded severe air quality at 4 pm on Thursday.
An AQI between zero and 50 is considered “good”, 51 and 100 “satisfactory”, 101 and 200 “moderate”, 201 and 300 “poor”, 301 and 400 “very poor”, and 401 and 500 “severe”. An official from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) said shallow fog and low temperatures in the morning — Delhi recorded the season’s lowest temperature of 12.6 degrees Celsius on Thursday — trapped pollutants close to the ground and calm winds led to stagnant conditions.
Visibility levels at the Indira Gandhi International Airport and the Safdarjung Airport dropped to 600-800 metres, he added. The CSE said the current severe smog episode in Delhi-NCR is expected to last for another day.
“Compared to the first smog episode of the previous four years, the current smog has matched the duration of the first smog of 2018 and 2020 season — both lasted six days. If conditions do not improve, it might overtake the 2019 smog that lasted eight days,” the CSE said. The longer duration of this year’s smog despite relatively windier local conditions might be due to a lack of pollution control measures in the city, the green think tank said.
According to the Ministry of Earth Sciences’ air quality forecast agency SAFAR, 3,914 farm fires accounted for 26 per cent of Delhi’s PM2.5 pollution on Thursday. Stubble burning has accounted for at least 25 per cent of Delhi’s PM2.5 pollution for eight days on the trot, starting November 4.
The share of farm fires in Delhi’s pollution rose to 48 per cent on Sunday, the highest since November 5, 2018, when it was recorded at 58 per cent. Last year, the share of stubble burning in Delhi’s pollution had peaked at 42 per cent on November 5. In 2019, crop residue burning accounted for 44 per cent of Delhi’s PM2.5 pollution on November 1. Delhi Environment Minister Gopal Rai on Thursday wrote another letter to his Union counterpart Bhupender Yadav calling for an emergency meeting with all NCR states to discuss the issue of stubble burning.
He also kicked off a month-long campaign to prevent open burning of waste and biomass in the city in a bid to further cut down pollution from local sources.
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